Jewish Historical Society of the North Shore

The Jews have a history of 5,750 years, you tracing your or? Genes to the times b? Public. Born of a religion? N com? No, the Jewish people, or have developed customs, culture and a system? Tico that has been identified as Jews, regardless of their individual religious attitudes. The ancient Hebrews were the conquerors and the conquered. But they were among the few peoples of antiquity? Age to survive, despite centuries of persecution? N, massacres, and dispersion? N among all the nations of the world. When other people treat the Jews adopted? some local customs and folk customs, but they stick? the principles b? musicians of his religion? ny culture.

In this chap? Chapter describes the history, religion? N, customs and culture of the Jewish people? O. Underst? N “qui? Tions are the Jews? A prerequisite for comprehension? N of ra? Ces of which the most? To as? Vile plant? The seeds of the Holocaust, which was to aniquilaci final goal? n total Jewish people? o.

Juda? Smo

The judah? Smo? the religion? n of the Jews. There are 14 million followers of the religion? No Jews? A worldwide. Most? To the Jews in the world are concentrated in three pa? Months: (. July 3 million) U.S. (Six million), Israel, and the Uni? N Sovi? Policy (2 5 million d? Dollars.). Other pa? Countries with significant Jewish populations? As are France (650,000), Britain? A (400,000), Canada? (300 thousand), Argentina (300,000) and Brazil (150 thousand).

The judah? Smo was the first religion? N based on monotheism? Ism, belief in one God. All major Western religions have their ra? Ces in judah? Smo.

A fundamental principle of judah? Smo? God, the Creator of the world, has a special agreement called a covenant (Berit in Hebrew) by Abraham, whom the Jewish people? O. The agreement provides? To be Jews? A blessed with God’s love and protection? N if they remained faithful to God’s law and faithfully worship Him, and be? responsible for the sins and transgressions against God and His laws. The Jewish people, or is often referred to in history as the “chosen people” by the belief that Jews were identified among all ancient peoples to receive the laws of God and His blessings. Ins? N judah? Smo, the Jews were chosen to be his servants, but God? the universal Creator of all mankind?.

Jews traditionally do not encourage converts, but converts are accepted then? S to demonstrate their knowledge of the faith and sincerity?, OK its laws.

The principles of judah? Smo is the belief in a Month? As (derived from Hebrew, meaning “anointed one”), who joins? the Jewish people? oy leads into the Kingdom of God on earth and bring peace and justice to all men.

While Judah? Smo recognizes an “afterlife?” It? above all, a “this world” religion? n. The Creator Jewish theologian? To? omniscient and has no bodily form.

The judah? Smo? traditionally decentralized. There is no equivalent of a pope or other central banks, the authorities? international decision-making that determines the religious dogma or practice it. Each congregation? No Jews? To? responsible for their own business and usually but not always, guided by an l? spiritual der called a rabbi. Many rabbis are trained in a seminary or a university established to promote scholarship and teaching? Knock, religious. Each of the major groups of judah? Smo (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionist) has its own institution? N in the U.S. by the rabbis of formation, use, and all sects, and for which each congregation? n maintains its own pr? Internships, traditions and the interpretation? n of Jewish law? a.

Jewish worship? oy the study often takes place in a synagogue, and church services often include prayers and readings from the Torah?. Services are traditionally held in a synagogue led by a rabbi and the assistance of a cantor, who leads the songs that accompany? An chants and prayer? N.

The judah? Emphasizes traditional smo? behavior? policy and treatment of dem? s “as you like? to be treated.” ? Qu? The doctrine that is not through? S oral and written Jewish law? To? constantly reinterpreted to respond to the evolution? n modern.

The main body of Jewish law? To be found in the Torah?, Which consists of five books of Moses? S? (Also? N known as the Pentateuch) and is the first part of the Old Testament. This law? supplemented by the oral law and interpretation? No law that constitute the Talmud.

There are 613 commandments of the Torah? included, that also? n includes the “Ten Commandments.” These 613 commandments governing Jewish law? To cover? Areas such as the philanthropist? A, sacrifice, prayer, use, ritual purity laws diet? Policies, and enforcement of s? Saturday and dem? S parties. The system of Jewish law? To, also? N known as Halacha?, Includes a system of civil and criminal justice? followed by observant Jews. Halacha? governing Jewish life? a, such as marriage and divorce, burial, relations with non-Jews, and Education? n.

“C” mo? true followers of all religions, the degree to which individual Jews observe the Jewish laws? and traditions as var? an.

Among the pr? Jews observer Internships are:

1. Laws diet? Policies

Jewish law? To require strict that the Jews can not eat certain foods like pork, shellfish, of course, or food without the extra blood? Gives, and you can not? Mix milk and c? Rnicos at the same meal. These laws also? N describe c? Mo animals should be slaughtered so as to minimize the suffering.

2. Hebrew calendar

Jewish law? To use both solar and lunar calendar to set dates for the holidays. The dates of holidays and festivals est? N determined by a lunar calendar, based on the phases of the moon. The time from new moon to new moon? 29-d? As, 12. 75 hours. Jewish months? you are so? or 29 or 30 days they. ? Why? one year you schedule? 365. 25 d? Ace and a? Or lunar? over eleven days they m? s? Short (12 times 29. 5), adjustments are made to the Hebrew calendar, to ensure that the holiday stay in the same season (underlying the c? Calculations instead of the lunar calendar) every year o. A lunar month? inserted as a “leap month” as part of that adjustment, with a total of seven months to join every 19 years or so.

The s? Jewish Saturday? Oy holidays traditionally begins at sundown the night before the s? Saturday od? A holiday? observ?. ? Qu? Jewish party? a Rosh hash? in 1990? Was observed? 21 and 22 September, but started? the evening of 20 September.

3. S festival? Saturday and compliance

The fourth of the Ten Commandments? “Acu? Rdate the s? Saturday to keep it holy” (? Exodus 20:8). Ning observant Jews do not? N s work? Saturday,? Qu? spent in prayer? n and religious study. Adem? Sas? Saturday, both the Jews in antiquity? Age and are celebrating the holidays and festivals, each has its own rituals associated with compliance. Among them are:

Rosh hash? (A? Or New) Rosh hash? mark the Jewish calendar, or again? o. ? is a gay and solemn. Jews around the world est? N working and not attending school that d? A. ram’s horn (shofar)? ritually blown to serve as the beginning of ten days they penitence that culminates on Yom Kippur.

Yom Kippur? d? as pi? Holy Jewish calendar? O. Jews do not go to work or school the d? To Yom Kippur, and refrain from eating or drinking during the day? A whole holiday. regarded by Jews as the d? to that E ‘individual? judged by God, then? a d? a solemn, marked by prayer? ny penance.

Semana Santa: Semana Santa? a festival of eight days they commemorating the liberation? n of the Israelites from slavery? Egypt. A ritual feast in the first two nights of this festival, called Seder, the story includes the story of Easter. ritual foods are eaten during the eight days they eat not in others? few of a? o. Observant Jews do not work or go to school the first two days they and the two? Last d? As of this party.

Shavuot (Feast of Weeks) Shavuot? a festival that marks the delivery of the Tor? the Israelites at Mt. Sina? God is a party two days they often? held by all to have a session? No study on the night of religious issues with friends. Observant Jews do not work or go to school on Shavuot.

Sukkot: Sukkot? a commemoration? n of the wanderings of the Israelites in the desert before receiving the Torah?. It ’s also? N a commemoration? N of? Last harvest before the winter rains. This is a feast of eight days they and observant Jews do not work or go to school the first two days they or? Last d? A. pr? PRACTICE E ‘of the construction? n of a structure called an s Succah? symbol of the types of structures in the Israelites lived while wandering in the desert.

Simchat Tor?: Simchat Tor? marks the end and beginning of the cycle of reading the Torah? lasting one to? o. It produces the d? Next? S of Sukkot ends. Observant Jews do not work or attend school in Simchat Tor?.

J? Neck: Hanukkah? holiday of eight days they marking the victory of the ancient Israelites, led by Judah Maccabee, the ex? Syrian army in 165 a. C.-Greek Traditionally, Jews light a candle for each night of the feast until they are eight in the eighth d? A, pi? an additional candle “shammash. In? recent times? become customary exchange of gifts in this d? a party. Despite J? neck usually occurs during the period, but Christmas, right? in no way comparable a d? a Christmas party for the Jews.

Purim: Purim? a d? a minor holiday in the Jewish calendar, or, which commemorates the victory of Jews over the course of a murder plot by a counselor of King Ahasuerus of Persia in the V century BC It is a gay and held by the reading of the Megillah? (A scroll which tells the story of Purim kitchen hamintaschen) (cookies in the shape of a tri? Angle that contains the jams) and dressed in the costume.

4. Ritual Clothing

For centuries, observant Jews have dressed differently from nationals engaged? of the laity and laity. During the prayer? “No, Jewish men? You have traditionally used the following:

a. cap (kip?, kip?): hats and dem? s touched.

b. Phylacteries (Tefillah? N) are small as boxes containing passages from the Torah? written on parchment with leather straps used on the forehead and left arm during prayer? n.

c. fringed shawl (tallit): These are directed? the prayer? n Sulawesi.

5. Life Cycle Events

a. Circumcision? N (Brit) the kids Jewish? You are circumcised on the eighth d? Next? S birth as a sign of a covenant between Abraham and God-man? gave his name to this ceremony.

b. Bar Mitzvah at age? thirteen years, you Jewish law? to consider that the kids have gone to others? adulthood. A special service? held in honor of or, or, and “l? to read the Torah?, for the firs time. Similar ceremony for girls,? As? a Bat Mitzvah, which var? a sec? n the meaning of the religious sect of judah? smo.

c. Marriage and divorce: a marriage ceremony, observant Jews sign a marriage contract called Ketuba. The Ketuba describes the conditions of marriage. The wedding ceremony, as in many other religions? been ritualized and often involves breaking a glass by the groom as s? symbol of the destruction? n Temple. Jewish law? To recognize divorce, formalized by a document called a Get. Even if the observant Jews civil divorce, the c? Spouse is not? able to remarry without obtaining a get from a Jewish court? o.

d. Death and mourning after the death of a Jew, the body is ritually washed and placed in a tie? D for burial, usually the d? Next? S death. preferred a certain period of seven days they called Shiva mourning when religious services are held at the home of the v? ctime. The anniversary of the death of a parent (Yahrzeit) is observed by lighting a candle and say a prayer? N (Kadish) in memory.

A brief history of the Jewish people, or

The history of the Jews, as described in the Bible, beginning with the patriarch Abraham. Abraham was the first to leave polite? Ism and idolatry? To his people to faith in God. son of Abraham, Isaac and the son of Isaac, Jacob, also? n are considered by the Hebrew patriarchs. The story of Jos?, One of the twelve sons of Jacob, also? N is in the Bible. E ‘was sold as a slave to the Egyptians by his brothers. As a result of famine, the rest of the family of Jos? resettled in Egypt where they and their descendants lived in peace for m? s? generations. However, in about 1580 BC, a new fara? N (king) in Egypt feel? threatened by Jews, for what? like other peoples who settled the?, cos? has made them slaves.

In the book? Exodus, the story of Moses? S? and its liberation? n of the Jews from slavery? Egypt? He said. Mos? lead? the Jews from Egypt after? s that the Egyptians were affected by the ten plagues. The Israelites spent forty years wandering in the desert under the leadership of Moses? S? ‘. While in the desert, Mois? S? Sal? Mount Sinai? and sec? n the tradition? n? he came back? with the Ten Commandments of God and the Torah?. Mos? mor? before the Israelites entered the Promised Land of Israel.

Next? S death of Moses? S, the twelve tribes? Israel (one tribe? Descending from each of the twelve sons of Jacob), were led by Josu? the Promised Land, then inhabited by the Canaanites. Next? S Jeric capture?, The Israelites conquered system? Cally the rest of Israel. CHALLENGES? Years of the Canaanites and the Philistines were rejected, people suffering a defeat at the hands of Sans? N.

The Israelites, seeking an alternative to the leadership teocr? Tico, convinced that the l? Der’s religious? Short, the prophet Samuel to anoint a king. The first king was Sa? L (1020-1000 BC), a member of the tribe? Benjamin, which won? victories over the Ammonites and Philistines. However, Samuel disillusioned about c? Mo autocratic? Tico King Sa? L govern? the cloth s. Instead of passing the leadership of the nation? No, the son of Sa? L, Jonathan, Samuel anointed? David in secret, a member of the tribe? Judas, as the second king of Israel. David hab? Has won fame as a warrior who killed? the giant Goliath. David? was the winner of a power struggle that eventually made him king over all Israel. During the reign of David, the children of Israel conquered? Jerusalem? Ny made it his capital and religious and secular.

The heir to the throne of King David was Salom? No, the son of the king and Bathsheba?. reign of King Solomon? n (961-922 BC)? was pac? Chart. E ‘was observed? for construction projects? No estate, including the First Temple in Jerusalem? n. There was discontent among the tribes? who settled in the north, heavy taxation and duties? the pol? labor policies of King Solomon, which you have felt it necessary to create their luxurious palaces and buildings p? public.

Next? S of his death, the ten tribes? North out? and establishment? his kingdom, while the tribe? Jud? and Benjam? n remained faithful to the successor of Salom? No, King Rehoboam. The capital of the Northern Kingdom? Founded in Samaria, and the capital of the Southern Kingdom? he stayed? in Jerusalem? No, the city? Jud’s history? under Jewish control? o.

In 722 a. C., Samaria was conquered by the Assyrians. The fate of the Jews of Samaria? unknown, and known as the “ten tribes? lost to Israel.”

In 598 BC, Jud? was invaded by Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon. Most? To the population? N of Israel was sent into exile in Babylon. Jerusalem itself? N cay? under siege in 586 BC and was destroyed. The destruction of a First Temple in Jerusalem? N? honored by the fast of Tisha? Be-Av, the ninth d? To the Hebrew month of Av in exile, the Israelites were able to participate in econ development? Economic and social development of their new land, and reorganize and maintain Jewish life? To. When the Persians conquered Babylon in 538 BC, the Persian king Cyrus allowed? all conquered peoples to return to their countries, of origin. About 50,000 Jews returned? Jud?, But many stayed in Babylon, then? S have established a new life.

Next? S of d? Ed of delays, the Second Temple was built and dedicated in 516 BC

Next? S centuries of relative peace and quiet? ? D? Nde? discarded? the ancient land of Israel by the Egyptians, the Syrians were placed in 198 a. C. At first, the Syrian state was benign. When Ant? Oco IV Ep? Fanes started? their government is? prohibit the pr? PRACTICE of judah? smo in favor of Hellenism. He called for the erection? N of a statue of the Greek god Zeus in the Temple, which lit? revolt. The military commander of the Jews was Judah Maccabee, who gan? a superior force of highly equipped Syria to win many battles. After these victories, which bordered on the miraculous return, Judas Maccabee? Temple? purified of its profanaci? n, and devoted himself? again. The feast of J? Neck commemorates the victories.

Triumph over the Syrians was of short duration? N. The Roman Empire? envelopment? area, with brief exceptions, controlled what is known? to as Palestine for almost 700 to? years. King Herod (37-4 BC) decided? Jud? with the sanction? n the Roman Senate. ? He was a master builder, the creation? N magn? Ficosa temples, works p? Republics, ports and buildings. The ruins of many of his works, including the reconstruction? N the Second Temple, right? yet? to be preserved.

The Jews rebelled against Roman rule in the year 70 AD or after? S of a siege, the destruction? N the Second Temple (once m? S, the ninth of Av in the Jewish calendar? O) and resistance ? was crushed with the exception? n a firm fan? ticos who took over a fortress of Masada near the Dead Sea. The example? Roman army intent? for three to? you to crush the resistance. When the defeat of the revolt was inevitable, and draw defenders committed suicide rather than surrender. Jerusalem? N? were restored by the Romans as a city? pagan.

The focus of Jewish intellectual life? Next? S of destruction? N the Second Temple? be established? in Yavneh. Jewish scholars? you met here? and during the late third or early second century and established? a Jewish law? a complete oral Tor?. This oral law? was written at the end of the second century AD by R. Jud? ha-Nasi, and? known as the Mishna?. Discussion on the Mishnah? Tambi? N was made to write, and? known as the Gemara?. The Mishna? and the Gemara? together are called the Talmud. Jewish scholars? years in Babylon, too? No development? a Talmud, which supplanted the long run? the version? No Palestinian, as the m? Maximum authority? Jud? You legal issues. The new centers of scholarship is established in the di? Spora Jews? A, mainly in the north of? Africa and Spain? A Muslim in the late 10? century.

Christianity became? in the religion? No official of the Roman Empire in the early fourth century. Jud? Or legal rights were restricted. During the first three centuries of Christianity, the questionnaire? N that separated Jew if Jes? S Christian era? was the week? ace. In the early fourth century, Christianity? evolved with customs, rituals and laws very different from Judah? smo.

Palestine was conquered by the? Arabs in the 7? century. Many Jews served in the example? Armies? Arabs who conquered the pen? Peninsula Ib? Rich, and he settled? in Spain? a. For centuries, Jews flourished? in Spain? Northern ay? Africa, and recorded? successes in science, medicine, m? music, the philosophy? ay culture.

Jewish life? to the Middle Ages was primarily a history of social isolation and economically? mica, the persecution? ny massacres. The Jews were isolated, both f? Music and social fabric of life in the Middle Ages and the per? Period after the Middle Ages. However, it fills an important niche. Christianity outlawed usury, the pr? Loan of money. The Jews were allowed? fill this empty, or acting as lenders and financiers.

Ghetti

At first, the Jews of the di? Spora segregated voluntarily. This? was partly to protect himself, but was perhaps m? s? the result of the demands of the religion? No Jews? a: to be near a synagogue and other religious institutions. The concept of segregaci? N of Jews behind unintentionally? S on the walls? was developed? in antiquity? age, but not? took? out as a pol? policy until 1462 in Frankfurt, Germany. The idea was? Success and the rest of Europe? become the norm in the 16? century. Unlike the modern equivalent of 20? century, the ghetto out of 16? permitted century? the Jews to leave during the day? to and do his business. While the ghettos allows Jews to live in peace, the conditions are often crowded and inadequate. However, the isolation of the Jews in ghettos had the effect of the elimination? N of assimilation? N with the community? host, and maintain and improve the survival of Jewish culture? a.

These governments est? N willing to tolerate even the Jews who were segregated in ghettos expelled?. At one time or another, all Jews were expelled from England (1290), France (1306 and 1394), Austria (1420) and Spain? A (1492). There were local expulsions throughout Europe including Germany. Some pol? Policies of deportations? N is reversed when governments realized that the Jews have a prop? Site? Useful.

It was not until the illustration? N (v? Grab the cap? Chapter 5) that the Jews were given the opportunity? participate in society? free modern persecution? n. The acceptance? No fundamentalist Jewish law? To have suffered a serious CHALLENGES, or, and the result? was the development of reform movements that culminated? in creation? No conservative reform, and Reconstructionist movements.

Jewish culture? a developed over 2,000 to? years in the pre-World War II in Europe. The Jews of both Western and Eastern Europe, has created a culture of pr? PRACTICE religious, art and m? Music, language (principally Yiddish), and Education? N. “It was a whole culture that the Nazis sought to make extinct.

There were no differences between the cultures of the Jews who settled in the “East” and “West” in the 18 centuries, 19 and 20. In general, the Jews who settled in Western Europe (France, Holland, Germany, Austria and Italy, for example) were m? S? assimilated than their “eastern” men? logos of the Union? n Sovi? policy, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania and Hungr? a. Have been m? S? willing to speak the language of pa? s host, the less likely? to be attentive, m? s? likely to marry, the better chance? to urban dwellers, m? s? probability? the middle class, m? s? probability? to an education? No formal, and m? s? chance to join the party pol? ticos am representing? s gene? rich? the? Nicos Jewish interests? years. Western European Jews m? S? probability? be accepted by countries, of acceptance as full citizens. For the most part, were able to live with their Jewish neighbors? You free from the threat of attacks f? SICAS and antisemitism. Eastern European Jews did not sit down? Aa safe from pogroms. For many Jews in Western Europe, were Jewish? You by the religion? No, but they identify with their country? S host. ? Qu?, When the Jews of Germany were attacked by the Nazis, most? To have them? To a history of the sensation? N they were “German” instead of “Jews, or”.

History of Israel

At the end of 19? century, Jewish nationalism, or? emergence? as a dream or frequent. This movement, known as Zionism, as long as the return of all Jews of the di? Spora a Jewish homeland? A. In 1880, the European Jews went to what was then called Palestine. This? was the first food? (IMMIGRATION? N) wave, which was intended mainly to establish settlements agr? Queues. Bar? N Edmond de Rothschild assisted with funds. The first Zionist conference? held in Basel, Switzerland, in 1897, under the leadership? n of Theodor Herzl. Le tom? 51 other few years and the experience of the Holocaust, however, to see the dream a reality or Zionist?. As a result of sanctions? No official of a Jewish homeland? A society? United Nations, the Jews are encouraged? to emigrate to Palestine. The? Arabs against Jewish settlements? Years and there were many attacks against the Jews? Years.

In 1905, a second wave of food? brought Jews from Russia. Tel Aviv? Founded in 1908, the first city? completely Jewish? o.

In 1917, the defeat brit? Unique Ottoman Empire, Palestine wrong? under the control brit? mail. States? Modern Arabs settled at that time. In November 1917, the Declaration? N Balfour, the british government? Nico announced? your intention? n to facilitate the “establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people?” o. ” This affirmation? N? was approved by the Supreme Council of the Principal Allied Powers at San Remo conference on April 24, 1920. In 1922, the company ‘to? Nations granted? Great Britain? a mandate to ensure the creation? n of a Jewish homeland? to in order to facilitate the immigration? No Jews? ay to encourage Jewish settlements? you on the ground. In 1929 the population? No Jews? To Palestine was 160,000, and the spring of 1936, with the advent of Hitler and the rise in German? N hab? Almost 400,000 Jews, or 30 percent of the population? n total.

In 1939, the brit? Nicos, influenced by the riots? Arabs and the Mufti from Jerusalem, public? the White Paper which limited the immigration? No Jews? aa 10,000 per year you over five year, with any IMMIGRATION? No Jews? to be har? ns? it with cloth countries? Arab.

At the end of World War II, the “questionnaire? No Palestinian”? submitted to the General Assembly of the United Nations. It is recommended that the mandate Brit? Nico Palestine and an end? divided between those? Arabs and Jews. On November 29, 1947, the General Assembly of the participants? N the pa? S into two independent sovereign states.

On May 14, 1948, the government brit? Nico has completed its mandate. At d? Next, May 15, 1948, the brit? Nicos left the pa? S, and David Ben-Gurion, on behalf of the Agency Jud? A, declared? independence of the State of Israel.

Contributions to civilization? N of Jewish people “or”

As individuals and as a people, Jews have had a major impact on civilization? N?, Bringing ideas and culture in all field activities? human. The judah? Smo? a religion? No parent of Christianity and Islam. Jes? S? was a Jew, as were his disc? ples. The Hebrew Scriptures were the basis of Christianity. Jewish law? To? was accepted as a gu? a for? policy and morality based on the concept of individual conscience. Islam incorporated the Jewish concept, or of God, the Scriptures and the Hebrew prophets.

VOCABULARY

Assimilation? N: To accept the culture of another group sold? her.

Blasphemy? Written or spoken words that express contempt or irreverence for God

Circumcision? N: The elimination? N the foreskin of the penis? Cu? Them? Jewish ritual performed on the baby? S men eight days they after? S birth to symbolize the covenant between God and Abraham.

Alliance: An agreement between the holy God and man.

countries, of the di? spora outside of Israel inhabited by Jews.

Ghetto: a section? N of a city? in which the Jews were forced to live surrounded by walls.

Kosher: From the Hebrew word for “correct” right “or” bad “usually refers to food prepared under the supervision? Not ning? No proper ritual.

Monote? Smo: Belief in one God.

Paganism: A follower of a religion? N polite? Sta.

The polite? Smo: the belief in the pi? of God.

Rabbi or Jewish scholar l? Der religion of the Hebrew word for “my master.”

Talmud: Mishnah? and the compound of the Gemara?,? the tradition? No Jewish oral law? a,? qu? was written and used as authority? to Jewish law? a.

Tor?: Literally means “teaching? Dence” is composed of five books of Moses? S: G? Genesis,? Exodus, Lev? Tico, N? Groupers and Deuteronomy. The t? Rmin also? N refers to the scroll on which the writing of five books of Moses? S? appears.