Jewish Historical Society of the North Shore

Palestine, especially Jerusalem? N in their hearts? N? was sacred to Muslims after? s the beginning of the history of Islam. Palestine and the Muslims as holy has enabled them to bring peace and harmony? To the region? N. Let’s consider some historical examples? It rich in this art? Ass.
There are two reasons b? SICAS for Jerusalem? N? holy to Muslims? the first address? n in which the Muslims used to turn to pray. Adem? S, no? ? Qui? N can? be seen as one of the m? s? great miracles of the Prophet Muhammad and his ascension? n the sky? was from Masjid al-Haram to Masjid al-Aqsa, in other words, from Mecca to Jerusalem? n. This was revealed in the Qur? N in the following t? Terms:
? Glory to Him who tom? His servant a journey by night from the al-Haram to Masjid al-Aqsa, whose surroundings We have blessed, to show him of Our signs. ? L? The Hearer, the all-seeing. (Surah al-Isra: 1)
In the stories of the Prophets in the Qur? N, the sacred verses which discuss the Palestinian territories refer to them as “blessed land” and “the Holy Land.” In verse? Previous ass about the ascension? N the sky , Masjid al-Aqsa? described as a land environment “that have been blessed.” In the Quran? n, Anbiya, in that migration? n of the prophets Abraham and Lot is said, the same territory? described as “a land which We had blessed.” All the Palestinian land, where viv? an many prophets of the tribe? Israel, he fought? in the way of God, and have been martyred or died and buried? sacred to Muslims.
As a result, Muslims have work? Do “blessings”, i. e. peace and security in Jerusalem? Palestine in ny? last 1,400 to? years.
Peace and Justice is? Palestine by the Caliph Omar
Jerusalem? N? the capital of the Jews until the year you 71. In that year you, the ex? Roman army made a major assault against the Jews, and exiled from the area after? S of great barbarity. Since then? the time of the di? spora Jews? to start?, Jerusalem? ny around? has always been a land abandoned.
However, Jerusalem? N became? again a center of interest? s to acceptance? n of Christianity during the Roman emperor Constantine. Roman Christians built churches in Jerusalem? N. The prohibitions on Jews settling in the region? N rose. Palestine remained? Roman (Byzantine) territory up to 7? century. The Persians conquered the region? N for a per? Short period, but m? S later the Byzantines reconquered.
An important point of inflexibility? N in the history of Palestine? arrived? in the year or 637, when it was conquered by the example? Armies of Islam. This significant? the g? genesis of a period, but peace and harmony? to Palestine, which for centuries hab? has been the scene of wars, exiles, looting and massacres, which has witnessed the brutality? again each time you change? hands, a frequent occurrence. The advent of Islam was the beginning of an era in which people of different beliefs in Palestine could live in peace and harmony? A.
Palestine? Omar was captured by the second caliph after? S of the Prophet. Omar’s entry into Jerusalem? N, tolerance incredible, maturity? and kindness to show? towards people of different faiths, present? Beauty and others? it began. Brit historian mail and Middle East expert Karen Armstrong describes the capture from Jerusalem by Omar in these Terms in his book Holy War:
Caliph Omar entr? in Jerusalem? n riding a white camel, escorted by the magistrate of the city? Sofronio Greek patriarch. The Caliph asked? immediately take him to the Temple Mount and to be kneeling? in prayer? n in the place where his friend Mohammed room? has made his night journey. The Patriarch observ? with horror: this, I think it should be the abomination? n of desolation? n the prophet Daniel predicted that in? to the temple, which must be the Antichrist are announced? recent days they. Next Omar asked? see the Christian shrines and, while in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the time of prayer? No Muslim arrived? whole year o. Please patriarch invites? to pray where he was, but Omar as cort? SM Entertainment is neg?. If you kneel? to pray in the church, he said, Muslims to commemorate the event with the building? n of a mosque, and we? means that you must demolish the Holy Sepulchre. Instead, Omar? went to pray at a short distance from the church, and, of course, before the Holy Sepulchre all? yet? to a small mosque dedicated to the Caliph Omar.
The other great mosque of Omar? has emerged as the Temple Mount during the Muslim conquest, together with the al-Aqsa mosque, which commemorates Mohammed’s Night tour. For years, you hab Christians? An used for the Jewish Temple site, or destroyed the city? landfill. The Caliph help? Muslims to clear the garbage with his own hands and non-Muslims raised their two shrines to establish Islam in the third city? pi? holy Islamic world? monkey. [1]
In short, Muslims brought ‘civilization? N? ” in Jerusalem? n and all of Palestine. Instead of beliefs b? Barbarian did not show? ning? No respect for the sacred values of “other people, and they were killed simply because of differences in beliefs, cultures rein? the just, tolerant and moderate Islam. Next? s of its capture by Umar, Muslims, Christians and Jews lived together in peace and harmony? to Palestine. Muslims have never tried to use force to convert, although some non-Muslims have of their own free will?.
Peace and harmony? To Palestine dur? until the Muslim government? n in the region? n. However, at the end of 11? century, an invader entr? in the region? n from abroad, and the civilized lands from Jerusalem? was brutal and savagely plundered, in a way never seen before. These b? Barbarian were the Crusaders.
A historical testimony? Rich Muslim tolerance to Christians: Muslims by the C? Polish of the Rock Christian Church.
The ferocity of the Crusaders
Crusaders sacked Jerusalem? Ny killed all its inhabitants are Christians.
While members of the three religions lived in peace and harmony? To Palestine, Christians in Europe decided to organize the “Crusaders.” A ra? Z of a call by Pope Urban II November 15, 1095 at the Council of Clermont, pi? 100,000 people from across Europe to Palestine to “liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims” and find the fabulous wealth of the East. Next? S looting a long journey and difficult situation, easy, and much, and the slaughter of Muslims, who came to Jerusalem? N in 1099. The city? cay? after a siege of nearly five weeks, he moved? the Crusaders? inches and carries? out like a barbarism that has rarely seen the world. All Muslims and Jews in the city? were massacred. In the words of one historian, “They killed all the Saracens and Turks have found… If female male. [2] One of the Crusaders, Raymond of Aguiles, boasts” of this violence:
Wonderful view is? An. Some of our men (and this? Sido m? S? Merciful) cut off the heads of their enemies, others taken with arrows, as the towers fell, others tortured by m? S time? throw into the fire. Piles of heads, hands and feet were seen in the streets?. E ‘was needed to make their way over the bodies of men and horses. But? Hese things were small as in comparison? N with qu? happened in the Temple of Salom? n, a place where religious services are normally chanted. . . in the temple and the p? Arctic Salom? No, man mont? in the blood up to their knees and bridle. [3]
In two days they, the ex? Army crossed sea? Some 40,000 Muslims in the barbaric ways just described. [4] The peace and harmony? To Palestine, which lasted? Omar, right? termin? a terrible tragedy. The Crusaders violated all the laws? Practices of Christianity, a religion? N of love and compassion? N, and spread terror, allegedly in the name of Christianity.
The Justice of Saladin
The b? Barbarian example? Crusading army from Jerusalem its capital, and establishment? a Latin Kingdom whose borders extend? an from Palestine to Antioch? a. However, cross-bearing? during the savagery in Palestine? long. Saladin gathered all the Muslim kingdoms under his banner in a holy war, and defeated? the crusaders in the battle of Hattin in 1187. Next? S of the battle, for example? Army crossed two l? Leaders, Reynauld of Chatillon and King Guy, were brought in Saladin’s presence. Saladin executed? Reynauld de Chatillon, who hab? Has won fame with the terrible savagery that room? Has committed against Muslims, but has let go of King Guy, because there was not to have committed the same crimes. Palestine, once m? S saw the true meaning of justice.
Immediately after? S of Hattin, and the d? To the prophet Muhammad room? To work? Do from Mecca to Jerusalem? N, in one night, the d? To the ascension? N, guest Saladin? in Jerusalem? 88 freed ny Through years of occupation? n of the Crusaders. When the Crusaders room? An made the city? 88 to? Years before, hab? To kill all the Muslims inside it, and why? ten? an afraid that Saladin har? to do the same to them. Given that it was not even a Christian city?. Adem? S, just order? Christians (cat? licos) Am? rich to go. Orthodox Christians, who were not Crusaders, were allowed? live in the city? and live and practice the religion? No choice. The historian brit? Nico Karen Armstrong describes the second Islamic capture? Mica from Jerusalem with the words:
On 2 October 1187 Saladin and his example? Army? entr? in Jerusalem? n as conquerors and the pr? ximos 800 to? you Jerusalem? No follow? to be a city? Muslims. . . Saladin compliance? his word, and conquered? the city?, According to the most? to? m? s highest Islamic ideals? monkeys. No tom? revenge for the slaughter of 1099, as advised by the Quran? n (16:127), and now that hostilities? hab? a continued since then? the killing (2:193-194). Not a Christian? died? and there was no theft. The sizes were deliberately very low. . .
Saladin was moved? until l? tears by the situation? n of families were destroyed and has published many of them freely, as the Cor? na that, although in despair? n of its long-suffering treasurers. His brother al-Adil was ace? sad about the situation? n of prisoners who asked? Saladin for a thousand of them for their own use and then released on the spot. . .
When Imad ad-Din saw the Patriarch Heraclius leaving the city? with carts full of treasures, you ask? Saladin to confiscate. But Saladin was neg?. The Cor? N says that oaths and treaties must be kept to the letter and it was essential that Muslims must respect the law?. . . Heraclius page? ten-dinar ransom like everybody else and? also? n was equipped with a special escort to keep his treasure safe during the journey to Tyre. [5]
In short, Saladin and the Muslims in his command treated the Christians with great mercy and justice, and also? N show? m? s? the compassion? n of their own l? leaders have? an.
Ricardo Coraz? N Le? N, right? was very “noble” at all.
Next? S from Jerusalem, the Crusaders continued their barbarity and the Muslims of his justice in other cities? in Palestine. In 1194, Ricardo Coraz? N Le? N, qui? N? portrayed as a great hero of the story brit? unique, hab? to 3,000 Muslims, including many women & Kids, vilely executed at Castle Acre. Although the Muslims witnessed this savagery, they never resorted to the same m? All. They have fulfilled God’s command “Do not let hatred of a people incite you to go … m? S all? Of l? Limits” (Cor? N, Ma’ida) and never used? violence against innocent civilians. Not us? unnecessary violence, even against such? Armies defeated Crusaders.
The ferocity of the Crusaders and the justice of the Muslims, once m? S reveals a truth? Hist? Rich: S? What an administration? N based on the principles of Islam can? To allow people of different religions to live together in Palestine. This has continued to be demonstrated for 700 years after you? S of Saladin, in particular during the per? Ottoman period.
The Ottoman Empire rule, just and tolerant
In 1514, Sultan? N Selim wins? Jerusalem? Ny around, and around 400 Through years of Ottoman rule in Palestine began?. As in other Ottoman states, this period would allow Palestine to enjoy peace, stability? and coexistence of different religions.
The tolerance of Islam continued? in the Ottoman Empire. Church, a synagogue and a mosque coexisted pac? Cally.
The Ottoman Empire? was administered? in qu? known as the “birth? n (millet) system,” the character? fundamental acoustic that? was that people of different religions were allowed? live according to their beliefs and even legal systems. Christians and Jews, described as the “People of the Book” in the Qur? N, found tolerance, security and freedom? in Ottoman lands.
The reason? N m? S? important for this? was that although the Ottoman Empire was an execution? No Islamic state? mico by Muslims, not have? a ning? no desire to force its citizens to adopt Islam. Instead, the Ottoman state aimed at providing peace and security for non-Muslims, and governing in a way that be? A successful Islamic government? Economic and justice.
Other major states at the same time have? To a vision? N very rough, oppressive and intolerant government. The Kingdom of Spain? Not to pod? To tolerate the existence of Muslims and Jews in the pen? Spanish Peninsula? Wave of extreme violence inflicted on the two communities?. In many other pa? European countries, Jews were oppressed s? As being Jews (for example, who were imprisoned in ghettoes), and sometimes the v? Victims from the mass slaughter (pogroms). Christians or even pod? To proceed with the others: the struggle between Protestants and cat? Licos in the 16 century? and 17? transformed Europe into a lake of blood. The War of Thirty A? Years between 1618 and 1648? was the result of this conflict between cat? phenolic and Protestants. As a result of that war, becomes central Europe? in a battlefield, ys? as in Germany, one third of the population? n 15 million deaths.
In such an environment? true? undoubtedly important for the Ottoman Empire was very human.
Many historians and politicians? Logos have drawn attention? N about this fact. One of these? recognized Columbia University Middle East expert Professor Edward Said. S? same, a Christian family in Jerusalem? No, I continued? your research? n in universities? Am? Rich. In an interview with the peri? Doctor israel? Ha’aretz, recommended? the “pa system? s Ottoman” permanent peace if it is to build in the Middle East. No? he said? was:
A minor? To Jews? A can? to survive the way other minorities? as in the world? rabe? survived?. … Function? quite well under the Ottoman Empire, with its system of a mile. What room? To then it seems much more? S? man we have now. [6]
The moral of the Qur? N: the source of Islamic tolerance? Mica
The reason? N fundamental to the creation? N extremely tolerant, just and humane government in the Ottoman Empire and other Muslim states? the government? c? mo? commanded by the Quran? n. The reason? N for justice and civilization? N? displayed by Omar, Saladin, the Ottoman sultans and many Muslim rulers (and this today? accepted in the West)? was his loyalty? the commandments of God in the Qur? n. These are some of the precepts that form the basis of the vision? N isl? Mica of government:
God commands that return to their owners the things you done in confidence and when juzgu? Is among men, the judge with justice. “C” excellent mo? what God calls you to do! God? listen to everything, sees everything. (Surah an-Nisa: 58)
He created you? Is! Be advocates of justice, bearing witness to God alone, even against s? or their parents and relatives. Whether rich or poor, God? perfectly capable of caring for them. Do not follow your wishes and deviates? An the truth?. If you twist or turn, God? aware of what you do. (Surah an-Nisa: 135)
God forbids you not? Be be kind to those who have not fought in the religion? Not expelled from your homes, or being just rev? S. God loves those who est? N alone. (Cor? N, Mumtahana: C? pol a sentence? policy that power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. “This means that anyone who comes from the power pol? Tico becomes a bit” morally corrupted by the power of chance? that this entails?. This in reality? apply to most? a people,? why? form? morale? in line with the press? n social. To put it another way, they avoid immorality? ? Why? they fear the desaprobaci? No society? or punishment. Power d? strength?, and decreases the pressure? n social. As a result, da? Ado, or come and do f? Easily concessions regarding morality?. If you have real power, in other words, if you govern a nation? No, you can try all means to satisfy their desires.
The? Unique human model in which the “law of the corruption? N” no? appropriate, those who sincerely believe in God, who embrace the religion? No fear and love? l live that religion? n. ? Why? costumes no est? n defined by society, “or even most? to the energy? to? absolutely can? concern them. In the Qur? No, God gave David the prophet as an example of the ideal ruler, governing how even those who questioned his authority “,” Y c? Mo, anyway? S, which reads? with complete sumisi? No God (Surah Sad: 24)
The fact that the history of Islam? l? leaders full of just, merciful, humble and mature is due to this moral teaching God? aa Muslims in the Qur? n. Since a Muslim ruler? N opportunity fears God, no? which can render? corrupt, proud or cruel. (First of corrupt rulers? And do and if so?? For Islamic morality? Mica to emerge in the history of Islam, but their n? Number and influence were very small as).
Conclusion? N
History reveals that Islam? the? unique belief system to provide a right form of government, tolerant and compassionate in the Middle East. Pax Ottoman,? Qui? N? termin? the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire in the region? n, right? been replaced. Next? S of the Ottomans, the first Middle East country? at the hands of European settlers, and eventually became? the target of the pol? policies israel? is occupation? ny the aggression? n.
C? a reason? n fundamental to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East: The fact that the parties do not want peace. No? Israel should do? comply with the resolution? No 242 of the UN and withdraw to the pre-1967 borders and recognize and guarantee the rights of the Palestinian people. The Palestinians (and other people? Arabs) should do? to abandon the targets as “payment to israel? is the sea” and accept coexistence with the Jews. ? Qu? m? s? important of all? not dirty just causes of acts b? Barbarian of terrorism against the population? n civil.
In short, what? there is peace in the Middle East, both parties must agree to be moderate and tolerant, and make a real effort to get rid of Jewish racism, or (Zionism), or chauvinism? rabe. The vision? N? necessary for this? hidden virtue? that the Islamic moral? mica has blessed the Middle East in past centuries.
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Notes
1 – Karen Armstrong, Holy War, MacMillan, London, 1988, p. 30-31
2 – Geste Francorum, or the works of the Franks and other pilgrims to Jerusalem? N, trans. Rosalind Hill, London, 1962, p. 91
3 – Julio C. Krey, The First Crusade: the accounts of witnesses and participants, Pinceton and London, 1921, p. 261
4 – Julio C. Krey, The First Crusade: the accounts of witnesses and participants, Pinceton and London, 1921, p. 262
Karen Armstrong, Holy War, p. – 5185
6-18. 8. In 2000, Ha’aretz, middleeast. Org, August 2000